Hamlet 1.1 Summary
Barnardo is taking over Francisco’s shifts in the evening and is relieved of his duty (both emotionally and physically). Barnardo then encounters two fellow soldiers, Marcellus and Horatio. Horatio is skeptical of rumors of the King’s ghost, so Barnardo begins to convince Horatio of its existence. But at the opening of his story, the ghost enters. Marcellus and Barnardo pressure Horatio to speak to the ghost but it does not respond and exits. Horatio is finally convinced and notes of the ghost’s likeness to their valiant King Hamlet. Horatio recalls how Hamlet had slain Fortinbras of Norway. The ghost returns as Horatio tells his story but leaves at the crowing of the cock. As the sun rises, the soldiers decide to tell young Hamlet of the night’s affairs.
Hamlet 1.2 Summary
Claudius honors and pays his respect to the late King Hamlet by praising his valiance in war and conquer. He excuses Polonius to return to France and tries to comfort Prince Hamlet over the loss of his father. Hamlet must have wished to study in Wittenberg but both Claudius and his mother would rather have him home in Denmark. Prince Hamlet remains depressed and angry that his mother would marry his uncle so quickly. In his eyes, it is both morally wrong (almost a form of incest) and untimely. Prince Hamlet then meets Horatius, Marcellus, and Barnardo. They share with him the news of the ghost, sparking Hamlet's curiosity to see his supposed father's ghost.
Drawing : As we were translating Hamlet ’s introduction in class from Shakespearean to modern English, I was also imagining a modern television action/drama pilot—one packaged with quick takes, a pulsing soundtrack, and those spine-chilling suspense sound effects (it totally spelled Prison Break for me). Rather than soldiers in guard armor, I imagined men in black (the suits, the shades, and earpieces). These security guards don’t encounter a spiritual ghost, but a cryptic computer virus. Since this was my very first reaction to Hamlet, I start off my Hamlet log with a drawing of the first scene as if it were a television series pilot today.
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Character Relationships: It was a bit difficult for me to really define the dominance in relationships between the castle guards. However, Shakespeare does lend a few details as to who is treated more superior and more inferior. For example, Barnardo asks that Francisco "bid them make haste" (1.1.13). In asking his fellow guardsmen to hurry up, Barnardo seems like the veteran in the crew. As well, he can demand attention as he tells his stories. As Barnardo tries to tell his story, Horatio is all ears and listening intently to his story. As well, lines 40 to 50 of the first scene reveal much about the relationships between the guards, particularly Horatio. Barnardo and Marcellus pressure Horatio to speak to the ghost, claiming Horatio is the "scholarly one" and he eventually does. So it is hard to say whether they are pressuring him out of cowardice or whether they truly respect his intelligence.
Questions: The details are still fuzzy to me: how/where/when did King Hamlet die? If Claudius is King Hamlet's brother, then isn't Prince Hamlet his nephew, not "cousin" (Shakespeare 1.2.64)? To Gertrude: is this moral to marry your late husband's brother? And to Claudius: would not your brother's spirit get angry had he known you had married his wife? To the guards...let's say this really is the spirit of King Hamlet. Don't you fear consequences for disrespecting his spirit, threatening and whatnot? To anyone: would you consider the marriage between Claudius and Gertrude an incestuous relationship? What is Hamlet's main purpose in trying to leave for Wittenberg? Is he trying to escape his wretched family?
Quotes: "But you must know your father lost a father; that father lost, lost his; and the survivor bound in filial obligation for some term to do obsequious sorrow" (1.2. 90-91). I find this quote very interesting thematically and poetically. Often times, we look at losses as harrowing, shocking experiences. However, this quote curbs that trauma. Death, indeed, is a part of life and thus, depression is not worth drowning oneself in. I also think there is poetic value in this line, especially in "lost a father; that father lost, lost his". The repetition of "lost" and "father" make it a fun line to read. It's almost like a tongue twister! I have to break down the words in order to understand the line.
April 4th, 2010: Hamlet 1.3.1-2.2.594
Hamlet 1.3 Summary
Laertes talks to his sister Ophelius as he is about to depart on a ship. He warns her that she should be wary of her relationship with Prince Hamlet. He believes that it is really up to the nation of Denmark's whim as to whether their relationship will sustain itself or falter. Laertes's father Polonius enters to give him blessings, mainly to warn him of dangerous men and to not lend money. As Ophelius bids goodbye to her brother, her father Polonius also tells her to be watchful of Hamlet and to not trust him. He basically says this: Hamlet's young, his desires might only be temporary, so don't trust him. Ophelius is hesitant because Laertes has offered such deep vows. Her father remains adamant about not trusting Hamlet and advises her to communicate less with Hamlet. Ophelius promises to obey.
Hamlet 1.4 Summary
Hamlet, Horatio, and Marcellus are waiting for King Hamlet's ghost. There is a sound of trumpets and Prince Hamlet explains that the sound is of his father celebrating and drinking. The ghost enters and Hamlet calls out to his late father; Hamlet asks him what he is doing here on Earth still in armor and what they should do to help him. The ghost then beckons him to follow it, but Marcellus and Horatio advises against it, fearing it will lead Hamlet to his death. Hamlet, however, feels there is no reason to be afraid. He continues to follow him as Marcellus and Horatio restrain him. They finally let go when Hamlet threatens to make them all ghosts and they decide to follow him.
Hamlet 1.5 Summary
The ghost speaks for the first time in Hamlet Act I Scene 5. As Hamlet asks his father's ghost about the situation, he explains that he is doomed to burn in hell until his sins in his walking life are purged away. He claims that he was murdered and that Hamlet must seek revenge. His father's ghost explains that his murderer "now wears his crown" (I.V.39). Hamlet is shocked to discover that his own uncle was the murderer. The ghost continues to rant on how his own brother has committed incest and his "seeming-virtuous" queen has let him down. He believes lust has claimed them both. Morning nears and he disappears. Hamlet vows to remember his father and forget everything else. Then Horatio and Marcellus emerge once again relieved to find Hamlet safe. They ask what had just happened and Hamlet is hesitant to tell them. They promise to keep the news a secret but Hamlet commands them to swear by his sword to not tell anyone what had happened that night as the ghost interferes also commanding them to "Swear!".
Diary Entry: Dear Diary, Hamlet loves my daughter. I tell the King that he is "out of [her] star" but in reality, Hamlet is out of my star. I love my daughter and she does not deserve a rude, short-minded man like Hamlet. I know men of the royalty. They can throw away the ones they claim to love in seconds. Not only do they have the power to do so; they face little to no repercussions. He thought I was a fisherman for God's sakes! Not even knowing his own uncle's advisors...shame! I cannot stand such a man who remains so ignorant of his immediate world. He's sharp with his words too, knowing how to pierce people with them. I stand appalled by Hamlet; my daughter does not need such a monster terrorizing her life. Hence, I am fully against their love. Sincerely, Polonius.
Significance of the Scene: Act 1 scene 5 was critical in that this is the first time the ghost speaks to Hamlet. I think the lines of this scene carry heavy weight on both Hamlet and the audience. It feels like this is the first time this play seems dark and tragic, even more so than the mourning of King Hamlet. There is a serious undertone once it is announced that murder had taken place. This scene also makes us re-evaluate Claudius as a character. This scene also made me wonder whether Hamlet is in his right mind or whether he is hallucinating out of his deep hate for Claudius. Any how, I felt this scene had introduced the darkest details of the play so far, propelling this tragedy.
Reactions to a character : Hamlet is still a mystery to me. He often uses pointed sarcasm and that is actually more difficult for me to grasp how he feels toward certain characters. For example, when he associates with his friends he almost seems suspicious AND loving towards them. When he's with Polonius, he seems to both be nonchalant and mocking. Perhaps it's all of these attitudes, but it is difficult to cap up how he feels. Generally, he seems to be pessimistic. How do I feel about Hamlet? Well he is definitely a guy who has his actions justified. But there seems to be a lack of human relationship in his life. He needs to connect more to those around him. Even to his parents, he can settle this business if he communicates his feelings more clearly. Thus, I'm not against Hamlet, but I'm not necessarily a fan of him either.
April 7th, 2010: Hamlet 1.5.-2.2.388
Hamlet 2.1 Summary
Polonius orders Reynoldo to ask around Paris about Laertus, but to do so without revealing his relationship. Then Ophelia enters frightened and Polonius asks why she is so upset. She said she saw Hamlet barely clothed and very shocked himself. He takes Ophelia and sighed. Polonius sees this as a violation against his daughter and threatens to go seek the King. Ophelia, however, advises against this. Then they exit.
Hamlet 2.2 Summary
Claudius and Gertrude invite Hamlet's childhood friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, to spend time in the court and help Hamlet recover from his grief. The two men accept their request and are sent to console Hamlet. Claudius informs Polonius that the Norwegian ambassadors have arrived and that he may know the reason for Hamlet's behavior. They save the story for dinner and invite the ambassadors in. Voltemand, the ambassador, reveals that Fortinbras's nephew was actually plotting an attack against Denmark; Fortrinbras, however, assures the plans are abandoned. Then Polonius declares that Hamlet is "mad" in love and delivers Hamlet's letter to Ophelia. They decide to test whether he is really in love with Ophelia. Polonius greets Hamlet but their conversation is ended quickly. Rosengrantz and Guildenstern meet Hamlet and Hamlet expresses his depression and pessimism towards the state of Denmark. Hamlet demands to know whether they were sent for. They acknowledge this and tell him that they set for a theatre company to perform for him. Hamlet welcomes the performers and dismisses them for the evening. He firmly believes that even criminals will confess their crimes if they are moved by a play. He decides to test this with his uncle by asking the actors to act out a similar scene of his father's death.
Quotes: "What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculty, , in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god--the beauty of the world, the paragon of animals" (2.2.301-305). This quote reveals the sarcasm of Hamlet. Moments ago he was damning men, horrified at his mother's quick marriage and his uncle's insensitivity. At this point, he is pessimistic and cynical towards man as a whole. I felt this quote adequately summed up such sentiments.
Character Relationships: Rosencrantz and Guildenstern play different roles in different situations. For the King and Queen, they are almost servants. On the other hand, in front of Hamlet, they are friends. Their relationship, however, does not seem genuine. It feels as if an initial barrier is stopping them to become more friendly. Thus, I found Rosencrantz's and Guildenstern's relationship an example of duplicity.
Questions: Ophelia: how do you truly feel about Hamlet? Do you love him? Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: were you embarrassed to have your cover blown? What is the real reason that Polonius is against the relationship between his daughter and Hamlet? How would Claudius and Gertrude react to the relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia?
April 8th, 2010: Hamlet 2.2.535-3.1.190
Remainder of Hamlet 2.2 Summary
Hamlet is by himself after he dismisses the actors. He admires the actor and compares his own life to that of the actor. While the actor is moving audiences, Hamlet can barely plot revenge against Claudius. He then goes on to rant about Claudius's misdoings and is angered at himself for not taking action. Then he firmly comes to believe that even criminals will confess their crimes if they are moved by a play. He decides to test this with his uncle by asking the actors to act out a similar scene of his father's death.
Hamlet 3.1 Summary Rosencrantz and Guildenstern report to Claudius and Gertrude that they are unable to find out the reason for Hamlet's "lunacy". They set Ophelia up so that she is reading a book. Claudius and Polonius watch from afar, hoping that Hamlet comes to see her. As he nears, he recites his most famous lines, "To be or not to be--that is the question" (3.1.59). Essentially, he asks whether it is better to live a life full of suffering or to just die. Ophelia says she has letters to return to Hamlet but he insists it was not him who sent them. He then continues to offend Ophelia by asking why she wants to "be a breeder of sinners" (Hamlet 3.1.122) and orders her to go to a nunnery. Claudius is now unsure while Polonius firmly believes that Hamlet's grief sprung from "neglected love". Hence, he asks that Gertrude try to comfort him.
Reaction to an Idea (Feminism): This is the second time I encounter a submissive female character, the first being Ophelia when she obeyed her father to not communicate with Hamlet. Now, it seems Gertrude is inferior to her husband. She says, "I shall obey you", reflecting much of Ophelia's character (Act 3.1.38). This seems ironic to me because Gertrude has the right to the crown as well but chose to remarry. Now the whole process of selection of the crown may be different in Denmark. However, she seems to hold little to no authority in the Danish kingdom. This irritated me. How come she can't see this meeting between Hamlet and Ophelia when her husband can? I had thought Gertrude was a stronger female character in the beginning, having an equal say in governing Denmark. However, this detail in Act 3 shattered that image of Queen. Though she does have a crown, she has no real power, indicating distinct gender inequality.
Questions: Hamlet: what is stopping you from taking revenge and do you really love Ophelia? What did Claudius mean when he said Hamlet's behavior "was not like madness"? (Hamlet 3.1.164). He seemed pretty mad to me. Claudius: are you getting suspicious of Hamlet at this point or are you still genuinely concerned for his welfare? Is it better to live a "weary life"? What would you do if you were Hamlet in this depressed state? Is it guilt or fear that is preventing him from taking revenge against Claudius?
Hamlet's famous lines:
Acting Scene, character Guildenstern
What does your character want in the chosen scene?
Guildenstern is trying to entertain Hamlet and lift him out of his depression. What does the character do to get it?
He is friendly with Hamlet and hires an acting company. What obstacles stand in his or her way?
Hamlet is suspicious that Guildenstern and Rosencrantz were sent by his parents and are not genuine friends. How does your character really feel about what is happening in the scene? How can you tell?
He feels very uncomfortable because he is playing two roles. He has to be almost an entertainment provider and a friend to Hamlet. He has to be genuine with Hamlet. What do other characters say about your character in the scene?
Nothing is said about Guildenstern directly but Hamlet accuses them of being sent. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern seem like a pair, having consensus before taking action. What does the character’s language reveal about his or her personality? I don't think much is revealed about his personality. He addresses Hamlet as "lord", indicating his position relative to Hamlet. "We were sent for, my lord" also shows a guilty conscience. He is therefore honest to his friend. How does this scene add to your knowledge of the character? I actually knew very little about this character before this scene. Guildenstern seems to be a solid friend, whether he was hired or not.
April 13th, 2010: Soliloquy Questions & 3.2 Summary
It is obvious to the audience that Hamlet is alone onstage. What else, then, does he mean when he begins, “Now I am alone”?
"Now I am alone" also indicates Hamlet's isolation and relative inaction. Whereas the world around him, the actors especially, act upon their emotions, Hamlet does nothing. Thus, he is left unassisted and "alone" in his intent on revenge, ultimately failing to act.
Why is the Prince calling himself a “rogue” and “peasant slave”?
For one, "rogue" means evil. And "peasant slave" plays on his feeling of insignificance. The Prince feels unworthy after watching a performance in which the actors had acted so passionately. Though the actors mourn openly for fictional characters, he cannot get himself to avenge his father's death.
*Hamlet compares himself to the play. What does this comparison reveal about Hamlet’s self-perception?
First off, Hamlet compares himself to the actor that mourns for Hecuba. He feels almost pathetic compared to this actor because he cannot act upon his emotions as well as the actor did for artificial emotions. His comparisons reveal his low self-esteem at this point.
Hamlet uses a lot of theatrical terminology in his speech. Find some examples (“cue,” “satage,” “play”). Why might Hamlet be thinking in theatrical terms?
I don't find his play references particularly startling. Even in Midsummer Night's Dream, Hamlet makes references to plays; he forms a whole "play-within-a-play". The purpose of this, I feel, is to emphasize the theme of role-playing and characterization. Every person has multiple roles in his or her life: student, parent, friend, worker, boss, etc. Because Hamlet so feels he has not played his own role of "son" correctly, Shakespeare is using theatrical terms.
Find lines or phrases that explain why Hamlet thinks himslef a coward. Do you think he is a coward, or is he acting cautiously by looking for external evidence to prove Claudius’s guilt?
Hamlet says, though the actor can act upon his emotions, "I...can say nothing" (2.2.557). He merely "falls a-cursing like a very drab" (2.2.575). I do not think he is a coward. There are plenty consequences for murder and if he does not carry out investigation or revenge carefully enough, he will end up being the real criminal.
3.2 Summary
Hamlet prepares the play in which Claudius will be watching. He is trying to test Claudius and using the play to manipulate his supposed guilt. He ensures that Horatio will take careful watch of Claudius, monitoring him for any reactions to the murder in the play. The play practically replicates his real father's murder. As the King and Queen sleep, the murderer poisons the King and then takes the Queen. Horatio and Hamlet's prediction is correct; the King cries out and runs out of the room. Hamlet reacts to his discovery with near insanity. Then Rosencrantz asks Hamlet to see the Queen. Hamlet decides to approach her in a dark manner.
April 15th, 2010: Act III Questions
Act 3.1 1. What advice does Hamlet have for the actors?Why?
Hamlet gives them the advice to act with "special observance...[to] o'erstep not the modesty of nature". He wants them to act as natural as possible so as to tickle King Claudius's guilt. He does not want King Claudius to react simply to histrionic outbursts; he would rather have him react to the actual content, hopefully playing on that guilty conscience.
2. Why does Hamlet say he especially likes Horatio (Does Hamlet see Horatio as similar to him or different from him?
Hamlet admires Horatio because of his composure. He is able to approach life's challenges with logos and not pathos as Hamlet so does. Hamlet claims that "blessed are those whose blood and judgment are so well commingled". While Hamlet is very emotional and seems almost insane to the audience, Horatio is much more scholarly and logical. Thus, he appreciates Horatio's differences from his own personality.
3. Based on 3.2.119, how much time elapsed between Act 1 and Act 2 (since the action has been continuous since the beginning of Act 2)?
It has been "twice two months" (four months) since the death of King Hamlet.
4. What is Claudius' mood as he stops the play at 3.2.247? How does Hamlet respond? If Hamlet has learned that Claudius is indeed guilty (if that's why he stopped the play and not for some other reason), Claudius has also learned something from the presentation of the play. What has Claudius learned?
Claudius is shocked and appalled at the sight of these actors. He becomes nearly haunted. Hamlet rejoices at this and becomes hyperactive at Claudius's reactions. However, this does mean that Claudius has learned that others know that he is guilty of the crime. He is now in the position either to flee or rid himself of Hamlet and the others who know.
5. What message do Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have for Hamlet? Despite the chaos at the end of the play, is this message unexpected after hearing Polonius' suggestion at the end of the Nunnery scene (3.1)? What lesson does Hamlet teach with a recorder?
They were ordered to have Hamlet speak to his mother and tell him that his behavior is bordering lunacy. I did not find this message unexpected because Polonius also suggested that Hamlet speak with his mother so that he can share his deepest thoughts. Hamlet uses the recorder for comparison; essentially, he cannot be "played" by Claudius and Gertrude. Thus, he is able to shut down Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.
3.3
1. Where is Polonius going?
Polonius chooses to hide behind the arras in order to eavesdrop on the conversation between Hamlet and Gertrude.
2. What does Claudius admit in his attempt to pray? Has the play actually had an effect on him? Why can't he ask for forgiveness?
Claudius admits that he did murder his brother Hamlet. And yes, the play did have an effect on him to evoke such guilt. He is struggling to ask for forgiveness because he feels there is no prayer appropriate enough for a most heinous crime: murder.
3. What happens when Hamlet enters? Why doesn't Hamlet kill Claudius then? What is ironic about Hamlet's decision?
Claudius is attempting to ask for forgiveness. Hence, if Hamlet kills him in this process, Claudius may go to heaven. This is ironic in that Claudius's careful decision-making is going against his hatred for his cowardice. He is unable to make quick decisions and this is delaying his revenge.
April 19th, 2010: Act IV Character (Ophelia) Questions
Character Questions: 1. What new information did you learn about your character in Act 4 that would help an actor or actress understand him or her better? Ophelia is not as stable as I had thought. She actually goes insane and reveals her more adolescent side. 2. In each scene where your character appears, what is his or her motivation and objective? In other words, what does this person really want? Ophelia only appears in scene 5. She is distressed with grief over her father's death. We cannot tell exactly what she wants but one could guess she is hungry for attention. 3. How does your character feel about the events in Act 4? about Hamlet? It is difficult to pinpoint exactly how she feels because her babbling is shrouding her true self. I would guess she hates Hamlet now that he has killed her father. 4. What do other characters say about your character and how do they react to him? How does your character feel about other characters? Gertrude says "Alas sweet lady, what imports this song?". And Claudius reacts, "How long has she been thus?". They are concerned because she is so lunatic. 5. How does your character affect the events of each scene in which she appears? How is she affected by the events? Ophelia feels like the crux of the scene, influencing the discussion between other characters. Ophelia does not affect Ophelia much. Or it is difficult to tell. 6. How is your character important to this act? In other words, do you learn something new about the plot through him? Do you gain any insights about Hamlet by comparing/contrasting him to your character? The character causes the discussion between Laertes and Claudius. 7. What questions are raised by your character's words and/or behavior in this act? How does she truly feel about Hamlet now that he has killed her father? Does she have feelings of revenge? 8. What was unexpected? What questions that you've previously had are answered by your character's words and /or behavior in this act?
I did not think that her behavior was that unexpected. She is still young but I did not think she would become so crazy. Perhaps she was influenced by Hamlet's behavior? How much of an adolescent is Ophelia? Could there have been a way to prevent her from committing suicide?
April 21st, 2010: Hamlet 5.1.1-5.1.290
Hamlet 5.1 Summary:
The scene starts with two clonws that are trying to dig a grave for Ophelia. They discuss that the gallows are built stronger than the church. The two clowns sing as they dig her grave and Hamlet asks how they can make it such a jolly activity. He comes across his father's jester's skull and shares his memories with him. He essentially talks about how everyone loses all inheritances when it comes to death. Hamlet then discovers that clown is burying a woman and talks to the clown about "Hamlet" (the clown does not know it is him); he finds that the clown believes that Hamlet was sent to England because he was insane. The mourners (Claudius, Gertrude, and Laertes) then enter to mourn the death of Ophelia. They scatter the flowers and Laertes presents his elegy. Laertes then leaps into the grave and Hamlet leaps into the grave as well. They both claim to have loved her more and grapple in the grave.
Questions: When the clowns discuss Adam, what did the clown mean when he said, "He was the first that ever bore arms" (5.1.32). The scene where Hamlet is carrying the skull, but I've always associated that image with the "To be or not to be" soliloquy. Is this supposed to be a reflection of that scene? Hamlet: What are your real intentions in diving into the grave? Do you really love Ophelia or is it a power struggle with Laertes? What is the symbolism behind struggling in the grave? Is it in any way reflective of the idea of birth. It feels as though the mourners who look on Hamlet and Laertes are peering into a baby's crib. Laertes: Is it only out of grief that you dived into Ophelia's grave? How willing are both characters to remain in the grave?
Quotes: In response to his fellow clown's riddle (who builds the strongest), the clown responds with, "The gallows-maker, for that frame outlives a thousand tenants". I found this line hysterical but also somewhat political. For one, humans thrive on the condemnation of others, reaping from it entertainment and self-satisfaction. Today's justice system also works in a way so that those to be punished must be punished before the world. Punishment is meant to be a show, in which the society on the better half is the audience. Now the actual response to this riddle was the grave-diggers. Why? Because "the houses that he makes last till doomsday". I found this quote very...mind-boggling. Technically this was meant to be an entertaining riddle, but there seems to be an underlying crudeness to it. He speaks no lies; the graves are home to bodies as they move to the afterlife. This seems to suddenly dim the mood, conveniently at the entrance of Hamlet and Horatio.
Diary Entry: Dear Diary, The dead typically choose not to speak, but I need to! I was lying here in peace (albeit a solemn peace) when all of a sudden two bodies fell on top of mine. It's funny how when I was wretched and insane, no one sought to care for me. And as I am being buried six feet under, I am finally sought for. Hamlet claims he loves me, that "Forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up [his] sum" (5.1.259-261). What does this mean--now?! What feelings can I respond to Hamlet's when I am dead? My brother and Hamlet have truly gone insane...and I am in even deeper disgust with humanity. Underground and undermined, Dead Ophelia
Art piece. I am considering basing my Art III long-term project on this particular scene. Using the expressionist and narrative perspective, I want to convey the grotesque nature of the struggle between Hamlet and Laertes. Now, if it ends up becoming more abstract and based on the physicality of the two bodies (three including Ophelia's) lying in the grave, it may be difficult to attribute to Act V Scene 1. Once I've completed the work, I'll post it here! Preliminary sketches in the meantime:
April 27th, 2010: Hamlet 5.2.1-5.2.358 Hamlet 5.2 Summary:
Hamlet discusses with Horatio the attempted murder against him. Osric then approaches Hamlet to formally invite him to a duel challenge against Laertes. When Hamlet meets Claudius, he carries a nonchalant attitude open to fight Laertes. Claudius fills a goblet with poison ready to Laertes covers his sword with poison and stabs Hamlet. Hamlet too stabs Laertes.
Components1. Comment in one sentence on what you think is the significance of this scene. Then what would the play be like without the scene?
2. Ask questions about the scene. Has anything in the scene caused you confusion? OR Ask one of the characters in the scene a question -- or ask ME a question.
3. Quote lines from the scene that you enjoyed and comment on them.
4. Describe your reactions to a character, action, or idea you confronted in the scene.
5. Talk about the relationships characters have to one another, quoting specific words or phrases to give evidence for your opinion.
6. Write a diary entry from the perspective of one of the characters. Get inside that character’s mind. Tell how the character feels about herself, about other characters, about the situation of the scene.
7. At least twice, do an entry that is not writing. Draw a picture. Create a collage of characters. Draw what you think the stage should look like in a modern day production. Film yourself performing part of the scene. Create a soundtrack to the scene. Other?
Jessica's Hamlet LogOrganized in descending orderMarch 31st, 2010: Hamlet 1.1.1-1.2.260
Hamlet 1.1 SummaryBarnardo is taking over Francisco’s shifts in the evening and is relieved of his duty (both emotionally and physically). Barnardo then encounters two fellow soldiers, Marcellus and Horatio. Horatio is skeptical of rumors of the King’s ghost, so Barnardo begins to convince Horatio of its existence. But at the opening of his story, the ghost enters. Marcellus and Barnardo pressure Horatio to speak to the ghost but it does not respond and exits. Horatio is finally convinced and notes of the ghost’s likeness to their valiant King Hamlet. Horatio recalls how Hamlet had slain Fortinbras of Norway. The ghost returns as Horatio tells his story but leaves at the crowing of the cock. As the sun rises, the soldiers decide to tell young Hamlet of the night’s affairs.
Hamlet 1.2 Summary
Claudius honors and pays his respect to the late King Hamlet by praising his valiance in war and conquer. He excuses Polonius to return to France and tries to comfort Prince Hamlet over the loss of his father. Hamlet must have wished to study in Wittenberg but both Claudius and his mother would rather have him home in Denmark. Prince Hamlet remains depressed and angry that his mother would marry his uncle so quickly. In his eyes, it is both morally wrong (almost a form of incest) and untimely. Prince Hamlet then meets Horatius, Marcellus, and Barnardo. They share with him the news of the ghost, sparking Hamlet's curiosity to see his supposed father's ghost.
April 4th, 2010: Hamlet 1.3.1-2.2.594
Hamlet 1.3 SummaryLaertes talks to his sister Ophelius as he is about to depart on a ship. He warns her that she should be wary of her relationship with Prince Hamlet. He believes that it is really up to the nation of Denmark's whim as to whether their relationship will sustain itself or falter. Laertes's father Polonius enters to give him blessings, mainly to warn him of dangerous men and to not lend money. As Ophelius bids goodbye to her brother, her father Polonius also tells her to be watchful of Hamlet and to not trust him. He basically says this: Hamlet's young, his desires might only be temporary, so don't trust him. Ophelius is hesitant because Laertes has offered such deep vows. Her father remains adamant about not trusting Hamlet and advises her to communicate less with Hamlet. Ophelius promises to obey.
Hamlet 1.4 Summary
Hamlet, Horatio, and Marcellus are waiting for King Hamlet's ghost. There is a sound of trumpets and Prince Hamlet explains that the sound is of his father celebrating and drinking. The ghost enters and Hamlet calls out to his late father; Hamlet asks him what he is doing here on Earth still in armor and what they should do to help him. The ghost then beckons him to follow it, but Marcellus and Horatio advises against it, fearing it will lead Hamlet to his death. Hamlet, however, feels there is no reason to be afraid. He continues to follow him as Marcellus and Horatio restrain him. They finally let go when Hamlet threatens to make them all ghosts and they decide to follow him.
Hamlet 1.5 Summary
The ghost speaks for the first time in Hamlet Act I Scene 5. As Hamlet asks his father's ghost about the situation, he explains that he is doomed to burn in hell until his sins in his walking life are purged away. He claims that he was murdered and that Hamlet must seek revenge. His father's ghost explains that his murderer "now wears his crown" (I.V.39). Hamlet is shocked to discover that his own uncle was the murderer. The ghost continues to rant on how his own brother has committed incest and his "seeming-virtuous" queen has let him down. He believes lust has claimed them both. Morning nears and he disappears. Hamlet vows to remember his father and forget everything else. Then Horatio and Marcellus emerge once again relieved to find Hamlet safe. They ask what had just happened and Hamlet is hesitant to tell them. They promise to keep the news a secret but Hamlet commands them to swear by his sword to not tell anyone what had happened that night as the ghost interferes also commanding them to "Swear!".
April 7th, 2010: Hamlet 1.5.-2.2.388
Hamlet 2.1 Summary
Polonius orders Reynoldo to ask around Paris about Laertus, but to do so without revealing his relationship. Then Ophelia enters frightened and Polonius asks why she is so upset. She said she saw Hamlet barely clothed and very shocked himself. He takes Ophelia and sighed. Polonius sees this as a violation against his daughter and threatens to go seek the King. Ophelia, however, advises against this. Then they exit.
Hamlet 2.2 Summary
Claudius and Gertrude invite Hamlet's childhood friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, to spend time in the court and help Hamlet recover from his grief. The two men accept their request and are sent to console Hamlet. Claudius informs Polonius that the Norwegian ambassadors have arrived and that he may know the reason for Hamlet's behavior. They save the story for dinner and invite the ambassadors in. Voltemand, the ambassador, reveals that Fortinbras's nephew was actually plotting an attack against Denmark; Fortrinbras, however, assures the plans are abandoned. Then Polonius declares that Hamlet is "mad" in love and delivers Hamlet's letter to Ophelia. They decide to test whether he is really in love with Ophelia. Polonius greets Hamlet but their conversation is ended quickly. Rosengrantz and Guildenstern meet Hamlet and Hamlet expresses his depression and pessimism towards the state of Denmark. Hamlet demands to know whether they were sent for. They acknowledge this and tell him that they set for a theatre company to perform for him. Hamlet welcomes the performers and dismisses them for the evening. He firmly believes that even criminals will confess their crimes if they are moved by a play. He decides to test this with his uncle by asking the actors to act out a similar scene of his father's death.
April 8th, 2010: Hamlet 2.2.535-3.1.190
Remainder of Hamlet 2.2 Summary
Hamlet is by himself after he dismisses the actors. He admires the actor and compares his own life to that of the actor. While the actor is moving audiences, Hamlet can barely plot revenge against Claudius. He then goes on to rant about Claudius's misdoings and is angered at himself for not taking action. Then he firmly comes to believe that even criminals will confess their crimes if they are moved by a play. He decides to test this with his uncle by asking the actors to act out a similar scene of his father's death.
Hamlet 3.1 Summary
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern report to Claudius and Gertrude that they are unable to find out the reason for Hamlet's "lunacy". They set Ophelia up so that she is reading a book. Claudius and Polonius watch from afar, hoping that Hamlet comes to see her. As he nears, he recites his most famous lines, "To be or not to be--that is the question" (3.1.59). Essentially, he asks whether it is better to live a life full of suffering or to just die. Ophelia says she has letters to return to Hamlet but he insists it was not him who sent them. He then continues to offend Ophelia by asking why she wants to "be a breeder of sinners" (Hamlet 3.1.122) and orders her to go to a nunnery. Claudius is now unsure while Polonius firmly believes that Hamlet's grief sprung from "neglected love". Hence, he asks that Gertrude try to comfort him.
Acting Scene, character Guildenstern
What does your character want in the chosen scene?Guildenstern is trying to entertain Hamlet and lift him out of his depression.
What does the character do to get it?
He is friendly with Hamlet and hires an acting company.
What obstacles stand in his or her way?
Hamlet is suspicious that Guildenstern and Rosencrantz were sent by his parents and are not genuine friends.
How does your character really feel about what is happening in the scene? How can you tell?
He feels very uncomfortable because he is playing two roles. He has to be almost an entertainment provider and a friend to Hamlet. He has to be genuine with Hamlet.
What do other characters say about your character in the scene?
Nothing is said about Guildenstern directly but Hamlet accuses them of being sent. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern seem like a pair, having consensus before taking action.
What does the character’s language reveal about his or her personality? I don't think much is revealed about his personality. He addresses Hamlet as "lord", indicating his position relative to Hamlet. "We were sent for, my lord" also shows a guilty conscience. He is therefore honest to his friend.
How does this scene add to your knowledge of the character? I actually knew very little about this character before this scene. Guildenstern seems to be a solid friend, whether he was hired or not.
April 13th, 2010: Soliloquy Questions & 3.2 Summary
It is obvious to the audience that Hamlet is alone onstage. What else, then, does he mean when he begins, “Now I am alone”?"Now I am alone" also indicates Hamlet's isolation and relative inaction. Whereas the world around him, the actors especially, act upon their emotions, Hamlet does nothing. Thus, he is left unassisted and "alone" in his intent on revenge, ultimately failing to act.
Why is the Prince calling himself a “rogue” and “peasant slave”?
For one, "rogue" means evil. And "peasant slave" plays on his feeling of insignificance. The Prince feels unworthy after watching a performance in which the actors had acted so passionately. Though the actors mourn openly for fictional characters, he cannot get himself to avenge his father's death.
*Hamlet compares himself to the play. What does this comparison reveal about Hamlet’s self-perception?
First off, Hamlet compares himself to the actor that mourns for Hecuba. He feels almost pathetic compared to this actor because he cannot act upon his emotions as well as the actor did for artificial emotions. His comparisons reveal his low self-esteem at this point.
Hamlet uses a lot of theatrical terminology in his speech. Find some examples (“cue,” “satage,” “play”). Why might Hamlet be thinking in theatrical terms?
I don't find his play references particularly startling. Even in Midsummer Night's Dream, Hamlet makes references to plays; he forms a whole "play-within-a-play". The purpose of this, I feel, is to emphasize the theme of role-playing and characterization. Every person has multiple roles in his or her life: student, parent, friend, worker, boss, etc. Because Hamlet so feels he has not played his own role of "son" correctly, Shakespeare is using theatrical terms.
Find lines or phrases that explain why Hamlet thinks himslef a coward. Do you think he is a coward, or is he acting cautiously by looking for external evidence to prove Claudius’s guilt?
Hamlet says, though the actor can act upon his emotions, "I...can say nothing" (2.2.557). He merely "falls a-cursing like a very drab" (2.2.575). I do not think he is a coward. There are plenty consequences for murder and if he does not carry out investigation or revenge carefully enough, he will end up being the real criminal.
3.2 Summary
Hamlet prepares the play in which Claudius will be watching. He is trying to test Claudius and using the play to manipulate his supposed guilt. He ensures that Horatio will take careful watch of Claudius, monitoring him for any reactions to the murder in the play. The play practically replicates his real father's murder. As the King and Queen sleep, the murderer poisons the King and then takes the Queen. Horatio and Hamlet's prediction is correct; the King cries out and runs out of the room. Hamlet reacts to his discovery with near insanity. Then Rosencrantz asks Hamlet to see the Queen. Hamlet decides to approach her in a dark manner.
April 15th, 2010: Act III Questions
Act 3.11. What advice does Hamlet have for the actors? Why?
Hamlet gives them the advice to act with "special observance...[to] o'erstep not the modesty of nature". He wants them to act as natural as possible so as to tickle King Claudius's guilt. He does not want King Claudius to react simply to histrionic outbursts; he would rather have him react to the actual content, hopefully playing on that guilty conscience.
2. Why does Hamlet say he especially likes Horatio (Does Hamlet see Horatio as similar to him or different from him?
Hamlet admires Horatio because of his composure. He is able to approach life's challenges with logos and not pathos as Hamlet so does. Hamlet claims that "blessed are those whose blood and judgment are so well commingled". While Hamlet is very emotional and seems almost insane to the audience, Horatio is much more scholarly and logical. Thus, he appreciates Horatio's differences from his own personality.
3. Based on 3.2.119, how much time elapsed between Act 1 and Act 2 (since the action has been continuous since the beginning of Act 2)?
It has been "twice two months" (four months) since the death of King Hamlet.
4. What is Claudius' mood as he stops the play at 3.2.247? How does Hamlet respond? If Hamlet has learned that Claudius is indeed guilty (if that's why he stopped the play and not for some other reason), Claudius has also learned something from the presentation of the play. What has Claudius learned?
Claudius is shocked and appalled at the sight of these actors. He becomes nearly haunted. Hamlet rejoices at this and becomes hyperactive at Claudius's reactions. However, this does mean that Claudius has learned that others know that he is guilty of the crime. He is now in the position either to flee or rid himself of Hamlet and the others who know.
5. What message do Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have for Hamlet? Despite the chaos at the end of the play, is this message unexpected after hearing Polonius' suggestion at the end of the Nunnery scene (3.1)? What lesson does Hamlet teach with a recorder?
They were ordered to have Hamlet speak to his mother and tell him that his behavior is bordering lunacy. I did not find this message unexpected because Polonius also suggested that Hamlet speak with his mother so that he can share his deepest thoughts. Hamlet uses the recorder for comparison; essentially, he cannot be "played" by Claudius and Gertrude. Thus, he is able to shut down Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.
3.3
1. Where is Polonius going?
Polonius chooses to hide behind the arras in order to eavesdrop on the conversation between Hamlet and Gertrude.
2. What does Claudius admit in his attempt to pray? Has the play actually had an effect on him? Why can't he ask for forgiveness?
Claudius admits that he did murder his brother Hamlet. And yes, the play did have an effect on him to evoke such guilt. He is struggling to ask for forgiveness because he feels there is no prayer appropriate enough for a most heinous crime: murder.
3. What happens when Hamlet enters? Why doesn't Hamlet kill Claudius then? What is ironic about Hamlet's decision?
Claudius is attempting to ask for forgiveness. Hence, if Hamlet kills him in this process, Claudius may go to heaven. This is ironic in that Claudius's careful decision-making is going against his hatred for his cowardice. He is unable to make quick decisions and this is delaying his revenge.
April 19th, 2010: Act IV Character (Ophelia) Questions
Character Questions:1. What new information did you learn about your character in Act 4 that would help an actor or actress understand him or her better? Ophelia is not as stable as I had thought. She actually goes insane and reveals her more adolescent side.
2. In each scene where your character appears, what is his or her motivation and objective? In other words, what does this person really want? Ophelia only appears in scene 5. She is distressed with grief over her father's death. We cannot tell exactly what she wants but one could guess she is hungry for attention.
3. How does your character feel about the events in Act 4? about Hamlet? It is difficult to pinpoint exactly how she feels because her babbling is shrouding her true self. I would guess she hates Hamlet now that he has killed her father.
4. What do other characters say about your character and how do they react to him? How does your character feel about other characters? Gertrude says "Alas sweet lady, what imports this song?". And Claudius reacts, "How long has she been thus?". They are concerned because she is so lunatic.
5. How does your character affect the events of each scene in which she appears? How is she affected by the events? Ophelia feels like the crux of the scene, influencing the discussion between other characters. Ophelia does not affect Ophelia much. Or it is difficult to tell.
6. How is your character important to this act? In other words, do you learn something new about the plot through him? Do you gain any insights about Hamlet by comparing/contrasting him to your character? The character causes the discussion between Laertes and Claudius.
7. What questions are raised by your character's words and/or behavior in this act? How does she truly feel about Hamlet now that he has killed her father? Does she have feelings of revenge?
8. What was unexpected? What questions that you've previously had are answered by your character's words and /or behavior in this act?
I did not think that her behavior was that unexpected. She is still young but I did not think she would become so crazy. Perhaps she was influenced by Hamlet's behavior? How much of an adolescent is Ophelia? Could there have been a way to prevent her from committing suicide?
April 21st, 2010: Hamlet 5.1.1-5.1.290
Hamlet 5.1 Summary:The scene starts with two clonws that are trying to dig a grave for Ophelia. They discuss that the gallows are built stronger than the church. The two clowns sing as they dig her grave and Hamlet asks how they can make it such a jolly activity. He comes across his father's jester's skull and shares his memories with him. He essentially talks about how everyone loses all inheritances when it comes to death. Hamlet then discovers that clown is burying a woman and talks to the clown about "Hamlet" (the clown does not know it is him); he finds that the clown believes that Hamlet was sent to England because he was insane. The mourners (Claudius, Gertrude, and Laertes) then enter to mourn the death of Ophelia. They scatter the flowers and Laertes presents his elegy. Laertes then leaps into the grave and Hamlet leaps into the grave as well. They both claim to have loved her more and grapple in the grave.
April 27th, 2010: Hamlet 5.2.1-5.2.358
Hamlet 5.2 Summary:
Hamlet discusses with Horatio the attempted murder against him. Osric then approaches Hamlet to formally invite him to a duel challenge against Laertes. When Hamlet meets Claudius, he carries a nonchalant attitude open to fight Laertes. Claudius fills a goblet with poison ready to Laertes covers his sword with poison and stabs Hamlet. Hamlet too stabs Laertes.
Components1. Comment in one sentence on what you think is the significance of this scene. Then what would the play be like without the scene?
2. Ask questions about the scene. Has anything in the scene caused you confusion? OR Ask one of the characters in the scene a question -- or ask ME a question.
3. Quote lines from the scene that you enjoyed and comment on them.
4. Describe your reactions to a character, action, or idea you confronted in the scene.
5. Talk about the relationships characters have to one another, quoting specific words or phrases to give evidence for your opinion.
6. Write a diary entry from the perspective of one of the characters. Get inside that character’s mind. Tell how the character feels about herself, about other characters, about the situation of the scene.
7. At least twice, do an entry that is not writing. Draw a picture. Create a collage of characters. Draw what you think the stage should look like in a modern day production. Film yourself performing part of the scene. Create a soundtrack to the scene. Other?